The eighth “chapter” of the Rocky series, Creed II, was released on November 21. Continuing in the tradition of the previous seven chapters of the Rocky Saga, Creed II exploits the underdog archetype. The protagonist, Adonis Creed (Michael B. Jordan), although recently crowned heavyweight boxing champion of the world, is not prepared to beat a lethal opponent, Victor Drago (Florian Munteanu), son of Ivan Drago (Dolph Lundgren), who is superior in power, strength, and speed. Adonis requires Rocky Balboa’s (Sylvester Stallone’s) mentorship to overcome this formidable foe. What makes this latest installment of the Rocky series so poignantly beautiful and unique is its take on the Biblical notion of the “sins of the father.” This is a concept that William Shakespeare famously utilized in his Merchant of Venice in Act III, Scene V, where Launcelot Gobbo states in a conversation with Jessica, the daughter of Shylock (the Venetian Jewish moneylender): “The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children.” This concept is found throughout the Old Testament (Exodus 20:5, 34:7; Deuteronomy 5:9; Numbers 4:18; Isaiah 14:21; Psalm 51:5; 1 Kings 15:3). And yet other verses in the Old Testament pertaining to taking moral responsibility for one’s own sins; for some theologians, it represents a newer covenant, regardless of being a father, mother, or child; neither are to be transferred to the other, but one is to be judged by their own righteousness (Deuteronomy 24:16; Ezekiel 18:19–20; Jeremiah 31:30–33). Continuing in this progression is the new covenant found in the New Testament, whereby we are redeemed from the transgressions of our fathers through the sacrament of baptism (Acts 2:38; 1 Peter 3:21; Galatians 3:27; John 3:5; Hebrews 10:22). Furthermore, we are redeemed by Christ’s atoning sacrifice, not by our own righteousness (1 John 1:19, 3:16–17, Titus 3:5, Romans 8:1; 1 Corinthians 15:22); this renewal of the self (Colossians 3:10) is shown by our faith and the good works that follow from it (James 2:14–24).

Even though not theologically explicit, the concept of “sins of the father,” alongside those of redemption and reconciliation, runs deep within Creed II, especially as they are found in the struggles of the main characters: Adonis, Rocky, and Ivan. All three characters have their own awakenings. Embedded within the struggles of these three men are many valuable elements that both Catholics and non-Catholics may overlook, including self-transcendence, family and community, and the sanctity of life.

Relevant Background to the Rocky Saga

The Rocky Saga comprises a series of American boxing sports-drama films (Rocky I–V, Rocky Balboa, and Creed I and II). They are arguably some of the greatest sports movies ever made. The original Rocky movie was released in 1976 and nominated for ten Oscars in 1977, winning best picture and director. The script was written by Sylvester Stallone and directed by the late John Avildsen (who also directed the Karate Kid series). For those unfamiliar with the Rocky movies, here is a brief synopsis of them, and here is an interesting documentary that will give readers a deeper background.

Most relevant to Creed II are Creed I and Rocky IV. In Rocky IV, Ivan Drago (Dolph Lundgren), a Soviet boxing Olympic champion, kills Adonis’ father, Apollo (who has become a dear friend of Rocky), in an exhibition match. Rocky then feels obliged to fight Drago in the Soviet Union in a brutal rematch. Despite winning, he suffers brain damage. One of the most interesting elements of this movie, aside from the training montages and fights, are the proleptic words of Rocky with respect to “changing one’s heart.” Several years after this movie, the Soviet Union collapsed.

Creed I is about the rise of Adonis, who was the result of Apollo’s infidelity before his death. Adonis is left an orphan at a young age after the death of his mother. Apollo’s wife adopts him and raises him. Adonis yearns to emulate his father and longs to be revered as a champion, so he seeks out Rocky for training. Now, Creed II shows the return of Ivan Drago through his son Viktor, 33 years after his loss to Rocky in the Soviet Union; the bad blood between Rocky and Ivan is brought into a new light.

Adonis’s Struggles

One of the striking features related to Adonis’s life struggles is the shame he feels for living in the absence of his father and being born illegitimately. Interestingly, whether the intention was even there or not, or even if it was meant to be implicit or explicit, there is a powerful argument for the sanctity of life. This is raised in Creed I and II through Adonis’s desire for self-actualization. In Creed, I, Adonis, says to Rocky, in an incredibly heartbreaking manner, at the last round of his fight against “Pretty” Ricky Conlan (Tony Bellew), that he wants to prove that he wasn’t a “mistake.” Rocky, in his own words, expresses that Adonis has been a blessing in helping him fight against cancer; Adonis then proves to himself by knocking down Conlan before the bell that he is not a “mistake.”

In Creed II, this notion of the sanctity of life rears its head again. Adonis’s fiancé, Bianca, experiences progressive hearing loss in Creed I. In Creed II, they worry that their recently conceived offspring may be born with the same disability. An ever-growing number of couples would be prepared to discard the unborn, whom they discover to possess a genetic deficiency through what is known as fetal genome screening, even though it can often be inaccurate. This is beyond tragic and morally deficient.

Unfortunately, unborn children that are conceived with discoverable genetic deficiencies or illegitimately through an extramarital affair or even a one-night stand are aborted more often than one may think. Even children born in such situations feel as though they were a mistake. But at least those given a chance at life can have the opportunity to do amazing things and affect human history positively. However, God, as the sovereign, omniscient, and omnibenevolent Creator who exists outside of physical spatiotemporal reality, knows all of our struggles before we experience them. Even though aborted children have a home with Him, humans partaking in such action will be morally accountable if they do not repent. The truth is that no being that has the imago dei can make a mistake, despite the wrongdoings of their procreators. Adonis, throughout the movie, also struggles with self-actualization through his desire to instantiate his own legacy. He attempts to move out of the shadow of his father’s greatness and traumatic demise, something that has persistently haunted him. Although he wears his last name proudly and proves himself as the heavyweight champion of the world, he still suffers on this road to self-transcendence. It is important to note that self-transcendence is a mode of being that orients itself to the human good. For Adonis, it is related to a team (his family, consisting of Bianca his mother, daughter, and Rocky [whom he considers an uncle]) that is fighting together against both Ivan and Victor Drago. For Adonis, it is this sense of community that gives him the strength to overcome not only his fears of living in his father’s shadow but also the tragedy of his demise. Thus, he is able to build his own identity and claim to want to “rewrite history.” This is exemplified when he acknowledges, at his father’s grave, that his defeat of Viktor Drago was about himself and his life now, not avenging his father’s death, when he says, “I did it for me.” This is the moment where he explicitly becomes conscious of his self-actualization. Adonis is able to overcome both his internal and external struggles through his many trials and tribulations.

Rocky’s Reconciliation

Initially, Rocky refuses to train Adonis because he fears that he may suffer the same fate as his father. Although thirty-three years have passed since Apollo’s death, he still carries the guilt of his death since he made the choice not to throw in the towel. Moreover, it was he who was supposed to fight Ivan Drago in that fateful exhibition match. He then also feels guilt when Adonis is massacred in the first fight against Viktor. Only then does he agree to help train him for the rematch. Although Rocky, with the help of Adonis, overcomes his cancer and feels a sense of purpose again, he still suffers from a lack of contact with his only immediate family (his son and grandson). For Rocky too, there is a sense of incompleteness, a wrongness that can only be made right by reconciliation. Yet, despite years of silence, in a beautiful scene nearing the end of the movie, he finally visits his son and grandson. It is through this reconciliation, brought forth by reflection and then acting upon it, that Rocky is also able to reconcile himself to his remaining family members. Thus, there is again an emphasis on love, family, community, and the transcendence of the human spirit to overcome loss, suffering, and adversity.

Ivan Drago’s Re-Emergence and Awakening

In 1985, Ivan Drago was an Olympic boxing gold medalist and hero of the Soviet Union. After his loss to Rocky on his own soil, he was exiled from Russia, losing the respect of his nation. Subsequently, his wife also left him. For thirty-three years, instead of taking responsibility for his own shortcomings, he blamed everything on Rocky. He raises his son in hatred, making him into a killing boxing machine. His son is now the vehicle for his re-emergence on the world stage. For Viktor, what matters more than anything is the love of his father and mother. He longs for the unity of his family and for the respect of his father, and that is more central to him than defeating Adonis and winning the heavyweight championship title. In the final fight, Viktor’s mother leaves him as he begins to lose control of the fight. This destroys him internally and weakens him physically to the point where one begins to wonder if there will be a repeat of what Ivan did to Apollo, whereby now it is Ivan’s son who is at risk of facing death. This is when Ivan has his moment of awakening. Ivan decides to throw in the towel in order for history not to repeat itself, understanding what is truly good: the love and wellbeing of his son, not his pride and selfishness. In a strange way, despite the hate brought forth by Viktor, which was propelled by Ivan’s anger, one begins to feel sympathetic to their sufferings as Viktor’s mother abandons them yet again. Recently, Charles Tator, a neurosurgery professor at the University of Toronto, stated after Montreal boxer Adonis “Superman” Stevenson was hospitalised for suffering some brutal blows to the head that “boxing should be abolished as a sport… “I wouldn’t hesitate to say that.” Although boxing is indeed a brutal sport that can cause severe physical damage, there is a certain elegance to it. It can also provide hope, solace, and inspiration to many who may not have much else in their lives. Many boxers have said that they became fighters because of the influence of the Rocky movies. Be that as it may, the Rocky Saga and this last “chapter” are incredibly inspirational movies and represent the triumph of the human spirit through confronting challenges in and out of the boxing ring.